Mineral Resource in Ecofriendly Invertebrate Powder

mineral Re base in Ecofriendly Invertebrate PowderA SEARCH OF BIO large AND MICRO MINERAL RESOURCE IN ECOFRIENDLY INVERTEBRATE POWDER Eudrilus eugeniaeJ. Anitha, R. Selvakumarand Indira A. Jayraaj squeezeQuantification of macro and sm every last(predicate) wholesomes from wiggler (Eudrilus eugeniae) was aimed and successfully elucidated in the present study. big minerals manage atomic number 20, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and sodium and little or trace segments like constrict, selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, Nickel, Chromium and molybdenum was assayed using colorimeter, Micro-Kjeldahl method, flame photometer, EDTA Titrimetric method and specifically nuclear submergence spectrophotometer (AAS). From the study, it is evident that the angleworm powder of E. eugeniae is a rich source of macrominerals (Calcium and atomic number 12) and trace elements (Iron and selenium) together with notable quantities of other important elements, indicating that this fis hing worm bind potentially useful quantities of many nutrients that are censorious to the health of the valet and animals who consume them.Keywords AAS, Earthworm powder, Eudrilus eugeniae, Metals, Macro minerals.IntroductionMetals are nutrients in terra firma are absorbed by plants, transferred to animals and men by food chains, and last return to the stain. Earthworms are free-base virtually worldwide and live in almost any type of soil that check outs the right amounts of moisture and constitutive(a) ingredients and of various sizes and colors 1. It has dense nutritional content because of their soil raise origin 2. The fishworm is a widely utilize Chinese herb tea medicine 3. Although Wallace 45 reported more(prenominal) than 100 years ago the comprehension of earthworms in diets of Amerindian tribal) populations little is known astir(predicate) the nutritive value of those nourishment invertebrates 6. Extracting medicinal compounds from the earthworm has tra ditionally been practiced by indigenous plurality throughout the world, more curiously in Asia 7. Previous earthworm studies welcome shown its antimicrobial 3 hepatoprotective 4, anticancer 8 and scar wound healing characteristics 9. The anti-inflammatory military action mechanism together with antioxidant properties seems to be due to the high polyphenolic content in earthworm tissue 10. Moreover, oil colour earthworm extract has a thrombolytic raise that could significantly promote blood circulation to ingest stasis 11.Minerals are the nutrients that exist in the body, and are as crucial as our need for oxygen to incarnate life. Minerals are in any case found in organic and inorganic combinations in food. It plays a vital component part for all mental and physical processes including for positive well being. They are most important factors in maintaining all physiological processes, are constituents of the teeth, bones, tissues, blood, muscle, and nerve cells 12. The refore, since the drive of animal farmers worldwide is to source for cheaper nub of nutritive dietary supplement which may replace fishmeal wholly or partly in animal diet and also supply micro and macro-nutrients 13. Considering the above facts the present study was aimed to quantify macro and micro or trace mineral visibility of earthworm species Eudrilus eugeniae.Materials and methodsCollection of earthwormThe earthworm Eudrilus eugeniae was collected from Aarthi farms, Kondegoundanpalayam village, Pollachi Taluk, Coimbatore District, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected species were cultured under optimal conditions in compost yard at Kongunadu Arts and Science College Premises, Coimbatore 641 029, Tamil Nadu, India, for hike use.Processing of earthwormThe earthworms were washed with running tap water to remove any dirt from body surface. The earthworms were kept in 0.5% NaCl at style temperature for 1-2h with few changes of solution until their yieldive organisations were cle an. Cleaned earthworms are taken and dried at 65-800C in forced draught, stainless-steel lined ovens. Ground the exemplifications completely to a particle size of less than 1mm, and cocked thoroughly before a replace sample of suitable size is stored for analysis. Store the samples in a intelligibly labelled, airtight, glass or polycarbonate containers to prevent samples from contamination. Storage at room temperature is sufficient, entirely long term storage of reference material requires freezing. Re-dry the samples at 650C for 12 hours prior to weighing for heavy metal analysis.Digestion of earthwormWeigh 0.5 1 g sample accurately into acid washed 250 ml digest tubes. Add 6 10 ml concentrated HNO3, swirl to mix sample and acid. Place tubes onto a Tecator 40 system, or similar desexualize at 1000C for 2 hours. Reduce the total muckle to 1 ml. The sample solution becomes thick slurry. Remove samples from digestion block allow cooling and diluting to 10 or 20 ml with deioni zed water. Allow samples to settle (minimum 2 hours, earlier overnight), and filter through Whatman No. 40 filter paper or centrifuge at 6000 rpm for 15 minutes. Run at least two digest blanks with samples. The schematic representation of analytical procedure of minerals is wedded in figure1.Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the micro and macro nutrient analytical procedureMethod of mineral analysisThe processed earthworm powder was subjected to quantification of macro minerals (calcium, magnesium, phosphorous, potassium, nitrogen and sodium) and micro or trace elements (iron, selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, nickel, chromium and molybdenum) using the methods of Jackson 14 for spectrophotometer (Perkin elmer Lamada EZ201), flame photometer (Cole-Parmer, 500731), EDTA Titrimetric and specifically atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Hitachi Z9000) 1516.ResultsThe selected earthworm species, E. eugeniae was successfully converted into powdered and subjected to mineral analysis in that six macro minerals namely calcium, magnesium, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and sodium and eight trace elements like iron selenium, zinc, copper, sulphur, nickel, chromium and molybdenum was noticed and are depicted in table 1 and 2. carry over 1 Macrominerals content in EWP (E. eugeniae)Table 2 Microminerals or trace elements content in EWP (E. eugeniae)The trend observe in macrominerals of E. eugeniae contained a higher concentration of calcium (0.75%) which is followed by magnesium (0.66%), phosphorous (0.36%), potassium (0.33%), nitrogen (0.29%) and sodium (0.19%) respectively. Among the trace elements, iron (1.73%) was found to be maximum followed by selenium (0.96%). Apart from these two micro elements the traces of zinc (0.50%), copper (0.43%), sulphur (0.22%), nickel (0.14%), chromium (0.10%) and molybdenum (0.02%) was also noticed.DiscussionNow a solar days importance of minerals is clinical known and these minerals are inorganic chemical elements not attached to a car bon atom.There is a distinction between minerals and trace minerals. If the body requires more than 100 milligrams then that substance is labelled as a mineral. If the cellular body requires less than this, it is labelled a trace mineral. Trace minerals are generally needed in quantities of only a few milligrams (mg) or micrograms (g) per day.The higher content of calcium in E. eugenia suggests that this species of earthworm likely has a higher capacity of storage of calcium in its tissues as suggested by the presence of calcium gland in it 17. The earthworms also contain nutritionally significant amounts of calcium, which would be important for pregnant or fuddled women, young children at put on the line of calcium-deficiency rickets and postmenopausal women in whom in that respect might be concern about osteoporosis and fractures 6.Earthworms require these minerals for their day to day physiological activities. It may be because they have to burrow or get their way through ha rd packed soil. For in order to practise these various physiological bioactivities, the earthworm must maintain a unbroken firing (electrical potential) of the nerve and muscle cells and needed for this is the higher calcium and magnesium concentration. Calcium and magnesium have been shown to be involved in rule nervous excitability and muscular contraction i.e. maintaining the electrical potential in nerve and muscle cells 18.Nitrogen occurs in all organisms, primarily in amino acids (and thus proteins) and also in the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). The human body contains about 3% by weight of nitrogen, the fourth most abundant element in the body after oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen 19. Phosphorous works with calcium to develop and maintain strong bones, teeth and enhances use of other nutrients. It plays a key role in cell membrane integrity, intercellular talk and for proper energy processing in the body. Potassium is important in DNA and protein synthesis, Apart from this pot assium is important in cell volume regulation 20. Sodium in EWP of E. eugeniae was found to be 0.19 ppm. Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid which in conjunction with potassium forms the Na+-K+ affection which effectively maintains Na+ as an impairment extracellular solute 21.Paloetti et al. 6 reported that all of the earthworm (kuru and motto) preparations were excellent sources of iron, having iron contents that ranged from 1050 g-1 in kurus bone marrow to 2990 g-1 in mottos meat. They compared the iron contents of these two earthworm preparations with those of some other meats. This means that, assuming good bioavailability of the iron in the earthworms, they could be a useful food source to mitigate the risk of iron-deficiency anaemia. Selenium is essential component of teeth, key antioxidant enzyme and necessary for normal harvest-festival and development. It has a function in detoxification of heavy metals such as mercury and plays an important role in the production of antibodies by the immune system.atomic number 30 is an important antioxidant, which records 0.5% in the present study. It plays an essential part of more than cc enzymes involved in digestion, metabolic process, immune response and wound healing. Copper is an essential element for the formation of normal red blood cell and connectedness tissue formation. It acts as a catalyst to store and release iron to help form haemoglobin and also contributes to central nervous system function. Sulfur is involved in the formation of structural protein, including muscles and hair. It also severs critical role in liver detoxification. Its important function is to act as an antioxidant nutrient and oxygen handling role in growth. Nickel is found in all animal tissues and the highest concentration was noticed in nucleic acids, particularly RNA, and is involved in protein structure or function. It may activate accredited enzymes related to the breakdown or utilization of glucose 2 2. Chromium helps in glucose metabolism and aids to regulate blood sugar by potentiating insulin and serving as a component of glucose tolerance factor. Molybdenum contributes to normal growth and development. 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